2016, there was an average gender pay gap of 30 percent in gross hourly earnings. If gender-specific differences in … experience explains the gender pay gap to almost a quarter according to the present study based on data from the Socio …-Economic Panel (Sozio-ökonomisches Panel, SOEP). In order to reduce the gender pay gap, measures are needed to counteract the large …

This chapter provides a bird's eye view of the literature on gender discrimination. The presentation of studies is … grouped into five parts. Part 1 presents evidence of gender discrimination measured via various dimensions in various … discrimination - as well as gender segregation and its origins. Part 3 discusses the close relationship between female empowerment …

Gender wage gaps and women’s underrepresentation in leadership positions exist at remarkably similar magnitudes across … this has been insufficient to close the gaps. A combination of economic forces, cultural and social norms, discrimination …, and unequal legal rights appear to be contributing to gender inequality. A range of policy options (such as quotas) have …

gender discrimination in China. Finally, we investigate new factors that determine the gender pay gap in the gig economy …The rapid ascent of digital platforms and the gig economy has prompted concerns about the gender pay gap. The results … show that in the gig economy, gender continues to be a crucial determinant of workers' earnings, with women earning 85% of …