In this paper we analyze the dynamics among past major pandemics, economic growth, inequality, and social unrest. We … provide evidence that past major pandemics, even though much smaller in scale than COVID-19, have led to a significant … increase in social unrest by reducing output and increasing inequality. We also find that higher social unrest, in turn, is …

pandemics in our sample, even though much smaller in scale than COVID-19, have led to increases in the Gini coefficient, raised … pandemic may be larger than those flowing from the historical pandemics in our sample, and larger than those following typical …