I have used four measures that have had considerable success in predicting stock market declines of ten percent or more and average twenty-five percent. Other declines of 5-15% seem to be hard to predict ex ante, while some can be explained ex post. In this paper, I focus on six of the latter...

In this study, we apply a rolling window approach to wavelet-filtered (denoised) S&P500 returns (2000–2020) to obtain time varying Hurst exponents. We analyse the dynamics of the Hurst exponents by applying statistical tests (e.g., for stationarity, Gaussianity and self-similarity), a...