Child labor is a pervasive practice; according to the International Labor Organization, there are 160 million child workers worldwide. That figure might, however, greatly underestimate the extent of the issue, since child labor indicators are typically based on surveys with parents – who have no...

Conditional cash transfers boosted a major reduction in poverty and a significant decrease in inequality in developing countries over the past decade. However, their success in promoting economic development is challenged by the claim that they deal with short-term poverty relief without...

This note assesses whether Bolsa-Família increases the probability of starting a venture in Brazil by decomposing its potential effects into three channels: wealth-constraint alleviation, insurance provision, and reduction of children’s labor supply (through the effect of the conditionality)....