This paper introduces new export market diversification indices incorporated with correlations of business cycles among … export partners to identify the actual effects of export market diversification on export instability. Three existing export … market diversification indices reflect the dispersion level in terms of the number of export partners and their export shares …

diversification, while the feedback effect of diversification on GDP per capita may be delayed. This pattern fits into theoretical … rationales that view diversification as driven by technology or efficiency and where diversification generates additional …

promoted economic diversification. However, the growth has not been uniform across regions and countries. Africa lags behind in …, protectionist regulatory frameworks, and infrastructure constraints. There is significant room for service export growth, including …