By late 2021, a fraction of the world’s population had been vaccinated for COVID-19, and an even smaller fraction had received boosters to combat ever-emerging variants. Governments and firms have invested billions of dollars to encourage first-time and repeat vaccination. While research has...

In the last two decades, last mile delivery (LMD) firms have seen immense growth due to the rise of e-commerce and digitalization, leading to faster and cheaper deliveries. However, this growth has also resulted in new challenges such as increased competition amongst LMD firms and heightened...