Lead exposure has detrimental effects on fertility, infants, children, and adults. Despite the success in removing lead … has been given to lead's impact on fertility, infant mortality, and infant health. This paper examines the existing quasi …-experimental literature on lead and fertility, infant mortality, and infant birth outcomes, highlighting key results, methods, and …

The negative correlation between women's education and fertility has been observed across regions and time, although it … is now weaker among high-income countries. Women's education level could affect fertility through its impact on women …

in the 1980s to empirically examine the causal impact of women's education on fertility in rural China by difference …