We document three new facts about gender differences in executive compensation. First, female executives receive lower share of incentive pay in total compensation relative to males. This difference accounts for 93% of the gender gap in total pay. Second, the compensation of female executives...

The relationships between earnings, accruals, and cash flows for selected Latin American countries (Mexico, Chile, and Argentina) are investigated in this study from 1990 to 2009. We find a negative relationship between accruals and cash flow across decile portfolios. More importantly, firms...

This study takes on two divergent notions concerning derivatives; that they are dangerous instruments (Warren Buffet) versus the concept that they help to reduce risk (Allen Greenspan). These notions are assessed from the perspective of the recent Financial Crisis in which derivatives were...

This study examines the differences in the relationships between different stakeholders in conventional and Islamic financial institutions. The accounting and finance literature identifies the major contractual relationships as being those between managers and shareholders (employment contracts)...

This research investigates private sector corruption. The research focuses on a firm’s life cycle as it relates to corruption. Free cash flows to dividends and leverage are used as indicators of private sector corruption. The research examines Non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia...

This paper empirically analyzes the short run performance of Tunisian initial public offerings (IPO). It sheds light on the determinants of IPO’s in a context of a frontier market characterized by high information asymmetry, low information efficiency, thin trading and the presence of...

We examine the levels and determinants of cash in Latin America. Latin American firms, as opposed to U.S. firms, did not hoard cash during the 1995-2006 period. However, we find remarkable similarities with respect to the determinants of cash between U.S. and Latin American firms. Net working...

This paper explores private placement pricing sold to insiders by considering changes in the control power of the largest shareholders in private placement. We use the Banzhaf power index to reflect the largest shareholder’s relative power of influence. The results indicate that, if...

Divergence of opinion causes market prices to differ from intrinsic values. Greater divergence of opinion results in larger bid/ask spreads. This study utilizes Miller’s theory (Miller, 1977) which states that differences between bid and ask prices (price spread) is caused by divergence...

The Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) IV, which constitutes the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR), as well as the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), is aimed at implementing Basel III in the European Union. Consequently, this CRD package, replaces Directives 2006/48 and 2006/49 with a...