Author examines the situation while the parent company controls the subsidiary and the subsidiary possess the sharing at the parent company equity. A formula for effective holding is derived and proofed for a parent-subsidiary simplified structure. A short overview of the audit consequences is...

This short technical report provides an empirical analysis of the level of institutional block ownership overall, and of foreign block ownership, at a broad set of publicly traded corporations. Disclosed institutional blockholders of every company in the Standard & Poor's 500 index are analyzed,...