Holt, Stephen; Vinopal, Katie; Choi, Heasun; Sorensen, Lucy - 2022
students. We use administrative data from North Carolina elementary schools to examine the extent to which teachers vary in … of students who do not receive disciplinary sanctions from the teacher. Similarly, while teachers with a racial bias in … absenteeism and reduce achievement for Black students. The results suggest punitive disciplinary measures do not aid teachers in …