In lending-based real estate crowdfunding, borrowers are required to pledge their housing properties as collateral to secure the loans. This nascent practice differs from ordinary peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in that lenders, to make sound decisions, need to evaluate additional information other...

We study the effects of unscheduled service in an outpatient clinic, where physicians have discretion to admit walk-in patients who are not scheduled in advance when all appointment slots are fully booked. Admitted patients are appended to the end of treatment queues. Unscheduled service is a...