on gender-specific outcomes. Empirically, this paper uses China’s Family Planning Policy (FPP), enacted in 1971, to …: different fertility constraints imposed by the FPP on the ethnic majority Han than those imposed on ethnic minorities; and (2 …

This article uses China's family planning policies to quantify and explain spillovers in fertility decisions. We test … whether ethnic minorities decreased their fertility in response to the policies, although only the majority ethnic group, the …-specific fertility levels to construct a measure of the negative shock to Han fertility. Combining this measure with variation in the …

In this paper, we show that fertility shapes the risky investment decisions of the rich and the poor in opposite ways …. By exploiting the staggered adoption of two-child policy in place of one-child policy in China, we document that … increased fertility encourages richer households to participate in risky stock market but deters such risk-taking behavior by …

pollution distorts individuals' fertility behaviors in China. We document a robust pattern in which increased pollution over …We incorporate pollution exposure into Becker's "Quantity-Quality" (Q-Q) model of fertility and quantify how air … time negatively affects the fertility of ethnic Han people, who comprise approximately 92% of the Chinese population. These …

with fewer children for support. Inequality in China is also be traced to increasing returns to schooling, especially …

with fewer children for support. Inequality in China can also be traced to increasing returns to schooling, especially …