While Article 8 of the Paris Convention mandates the protection of trade names independently of their entitlement to protection as trademarks, European law has traditionally offered only limited and uneven protection. This article examines the heightened protection of trade names within the...

Using the passage of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act (FTDA) as an exogenous shock to trademark protection, we find that stronger trademark protection induces firms to increase their CEO risk-taking incentives as measured by CEO portfolio vega. The effect is greater for firms facing more...

We study how trademarks affect reuse of creative works in the comics industry. As a creative industry, the comics industry systematically relies on copyrights. But trademark protection can also be exploited to generate income from the reuse of comic characters or to strategically exclude others...

The law generally ignores the role of emotions in consumer decision-making, although emotions are widely acknowledged to play a dominant role in shaping preferences concerning risk, borrowing, consumption and choice. Trademark law has been especially suspicious of the role that emotion plays in...

This paper analyzes the effects of patents and trademarks in the financing of start-ups through venture capitalists (VCs). Patents and trademarks signal a start-up’s technological and marketing capabilities. We find that patents and trademarks not only have direct effects on venture capital...

In this book chapter, we provide a roadmap of the sources of data on the various forms of intellectual property protection. We first explain what data is available about patents, copyrights, trademarks, and other types of intellectual property, and where to find it. Then we identify and analyze...

Most Internet searches result in unpaid (organic or algorithmic) results, and paid ads. The specific ads that are displayed are dictated by the user’s search terms (“keywords”). In 2004, Google began offering trademarks for use as keywords on an unrestricted basis, followed in due course...

Free and Open source software have changed large parts of the software industry landscape in a few years period. Due to their peculiar nature, FOSS communities have created a new development model, whose core is represented by their aim of fostering a feeling of commitment and participation...

Trademarks contribute to an efficient market by helping consumers find products they like from a sources they trust. This information transmission function of trademarks can be upset if the law fails to reflect both how trademark owners communicate through marks and how consumers understand and...

For well over a century, U.S. trademark law has afforded brand owners certain rights, remedies and obligations. As the Department of Commerce has noted, owners of trademarks have both a legal right and an affirmative obligation to protect their trademarks from unauthorized third-party use....