This article examines how force majeure has been invoked in international investment law as a shield against claims of state responsibility for losses that foreign investors sustained in various types of turmoil. The historically rich diplomatic and jurisprudential practice has created a...

It is increasingly acknowledged that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) create immense human and economic costs, disproportionately affecting developing countries. This article, which serves as an introduction to this Special Issue on international investment law and NCD prevention, outlines the...

This chapter explores investor responsibilities and obligations amid armed conflict. It analyses international humanitarian law (IHL) obligations binding investors and soft law obligations in voluntary initiatives specifically addressing corporate responsibility in times of conflict and explains...

Although investor-state arbitration is often considered to be a self-contained regime, arbitral tribunals have been relying on the jurisprudence of international courts and other tribunals in the reasoning of their awards. Recent citation analyses have shown that references to precedents of the...