Despite the rapid global shift towards local involvement in protected areas, studies on Community-based Co-management (CBCM) in China’s top-down protected area system is rather limited. To fill this gap, our research focused on the empowerment level, the core of CBCM, to disclose the temporal...

This paper proposes a structural VAR model which extends the frameworks of Hoffmaister and Roldós [Hoffmaister, A. W., & Roldós, J. E. (2001). The sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in developing countries: Brazil and Korea. Journal of Macroeconomics, 23, 213-239] and Prasad [Prasad, E.S....

The present paper represents a first attempt to study China's business cycles using a formal analytical framework; namely, a structural VAR model. It is found that (i) demand shocks were the dominant source of macroeconomic fluctuations, but supply shocks had gained more importance over time;...