We develop a polygenic index for individual income and examine random differences in this index with lifetime outcomes in a sample of ~35,000 biological siblings. We find that genetic fortune for higher income causes greater socio-economic status and better health, partly via intervenable...

The extent and causes of trends and cross-national variation in social class and occupational status mobility have been major topics of sociological research for decades. This topic has acquired renewed salience as inequality in many industrialized countries has increased and as improvements in...

1 Structural Explanations for Inequality and Mobility in Bureaucratized Organizations -- I. The Structure of White-Collar Job Ladders -- 2 The Hierarchy of White-Collar Work -- 3 The Clerical—Administrative Boundary -- II. The Shaping of Recruitment and Promotion Policies for White-Collar Jobs...

Parity-specific probabilities of having a next birth are estimated from national fertility data and are compared with nation-specific costs of having children as measured by time-budget data, by attitude data from the International Social Survey Program, and by panel data on labor earnings and...

This paper explores the implications of possible bias cancellation using Rubin-style matching methods with complete and incomplete data. After reviewing the naïve causal estimator and the approaches of Heckman and Rubin to the causal estimation problem, we show how missing data can complicate...

Having close linkages with the counterfactual concept of causality, nonparametric matching estimators have recently gained in popularity in the statistical and econometric literature on causal analysis. Introducing key concepts of the Rubin causal model (RCM), the paper discusses the...