electoral candidates and election of politicians. Using unique data that combine population registers and election statistics …

results of the system GMM revealed that the fiscal deficit is significantly large in election years and the deficit spending … spills into the year after the election, though not as high as in the election year. We could not, however, find a … significant effect in the pre-election year. In addition, we found evidence suggesting that though democracy significantly lowers …

-2020, spanning four election cycles, we test the hypothesis that bank failures are less likely before presidential elections. We find … that bank failures are less likely to occur in the twelve months leading up to an election. However, we do not observe … election cycles in bank failures are more pronounced for banks associated with greater political costs. Overall, our results …

candidate to win an election, even though his main agenda item (i.e., postal privatization) is strongly opposed by special …