Employees’ commitment is very important for an organization. Once the employees’ commitments reduce, the organization could face the difficulty in retaining the employees. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is significant relationship between organizational commitment and...

Many studies have found that international borders represent large barriers to trade. But how do international borders compare to domestic border barriers? We investigate international and domestic border barriers in a unified framework. We consider a data set of exports from individual U.S....

In this study spanning four decades, we explored the relationship between the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) interventions and the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) across two distinct exchange rate regimes: the fixed exchange rate regime (1975-1993) and the managed floating regime...

The Alliance of Sahel States (AES), created in September 2023 by the three military governments of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso as a counterweight to ECOWAS and the postcolonial influence of France and other Western countries, announced the creation of a confederation of its three countries in...

The election of Bassirou Diomaye Faye as President of Senegal on March 24, 2024, after a turbulent electoral process, reflects the resilience of Senegal's democratic institutions. It provides an opportunity to strengthen transparent governance and combat inequality. It was the first time since...

Since the 1960s, both the regime of Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979) and, subsequently starting from 1979 the Islamic Republic of Iran, have intervened in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While the Shah's policies were motivated by a virulent anti-communist stance, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) pursued a...

This article argues that a developed productive structure is characterized by its complexity in inter - industrial relationships, which can be measured by the size of connections between sectors as well as by the economic distance that separates them. To evaluate this, the notion of "average...

El artículo argumenta que el proceso de integración europea ha sido exitosopuesto que significó crecimiento económico, desarrollo e integración política,para todos los europeos, haciendo la UE próspera como nunca antes. Deotro lado, la UE goza de la libre movilidad de personas y de...

Luego de adelantar un examen de mercados asimétricos e información, el trabajo seorienta a una serie de consideraciones acerca de los flujos internacionales de capitalesentre los países, haciendo énfasis en los efectos sobre las economías más vulnerablesdel mundo. La intención central...