We study the effects of workplace automation on employee treatment. We show that a firm’s likelihood of workplace … automation reduces (1) employee stock option grants, (2) corporate social responsibility (CSR) rating, and (3) employee … automation comes as the direct expense of employee treatment …

"essential service for survival" in this era of globalization. Automation of banking services such as internet banking, ATM … banking, telephone banking or mobile banking enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products … and services through a personal computer, mobile phones or other intelligent devices. The use of information technology in …