A question in the design of carbon dioxide trading systems is how allowances are to be initially allocated: by auction, by giving away fixed amounts, or by allocating based on output, fuel, or other decisions. The latter system can bias investment, operations, and pricing decisions, and increase...

A firm's ability to compete in new product markets is vital to its profitability and long-term survival. Therefore, it is important to understand the development and growth of these markets. Following a pioneering study by Bass (1969), diffusion models have traditionally provided this...