Amid escalating geopolitical tensions, we offers insights into the far-reaching consequences of wars. Based on a new dataset on major conflicts since 1870, the findings show that wars cause a substantial decline in GDP and spike in inflation within war zones. Interestingly, countries...

Digital transformation is provoking a real revolution in the payment's landscape of many economies in the last few years. New technologies and the change in public's habits are transforming not only the way payments are processed but the very modes of registering, storing and transferring value...

This paper highlights the overlap between private sector and the state in regulating the sustainability of palm oil industry in Indonesia through the presence of two different certification schemes: the voluntary, global market-driven Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and the mandatory,...

What role could unconventional monetary policy - and particularly unconventional policies like private asset purchases under a quantitative easing or lender of last resort scheme - play in influencing economic growth directly? A wide literature in economics explores the pros and cons of using...

Auslandsinvestitionen unterliegen heutzutage vielfach dem Schutz eines internationalen Investitionsschutzabkommens. Der in diesen Abkommen regelmäßig verankerte Schutz von Investitionen vor entschädigungsloser Enteignung kann mit staatlichen Maßnahmen zum Zwecke des Klimaschutzes in Konflikt...