We explore several problems in drawing causal inferences from cross-sectional relationships between marriage …, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the quot;directquot; effects of marriage and … motherhood on wages (i.e., effects net of experience and tenure); first-difference estimates reveal no direct effect of marriage …

and on mothers' labour market outcomes. Much less is known about older mothers' employment and marriage patterns when the … nest is negatively associated with older mothers' marriage probability. There is scope for better targeting of both family … find that older women's retirement probability is positively associated with an empty nest. We also conclude that an empty …

We explore several problems in drawing causal inferences from cross-sectional relationships between marriage …, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the "direct" effects of marriage and motherhood on … wages (i.e., effects net of experience and tenure); first-difference estimates reveal no direct effect of marriage or …

When lesbian couples plan for a child together, the resulting child has two mothers. For more than 20 years, lesbians … both mothers without requiring an adoption. The article demonstrates that establishing a child’s legal parents has always … other countries, and model laws that result in parentage for both of a child’s mothers. It then describes in detail the …