The essential distinction between the Fundamental Diagram Approach (FDA) and Kerner’s three-phase theory (KTPT) is the existence of a unique gap–speed (or flow–density) relationship in the former class. In order to verify this relationship, empirical data are analyzed with the following...

The freemium pricing model has become mainstream in the software industry. A large user base can induce positive network effects while expanding security risks associated with unpatched users. This study explores a two-stage decision problem faced by software vendors that involves a freemium...

Firms in a close business partnership could choose to either outsource to the same or different Managed Security Service Providers (MSSPs) when making outsourcing decisions. Apart from security investments, compensation ratios, and network externalities, the firms in a close business partnership...