Pollution and environmental degradation often worsen as countries develop and industrialize. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis suggests that, initially, economic growth increases pollution up to a certain income threshold, and then it begins to decrease pollution. Pollution...

This report is the synthesis of the key findings and recommendations of the studies carried out under the World Bank's Advisory Services and Analytics program entitled "Ethiopia: Air Quality Management and Urban Mobility." The report is organized as follows. After an introduction, Chapter two is...

This report is the synthesis of the key findings and recommendations of the studies carried out under the World Bank's Advisory Services & Analytics program entitled “Ethiopia: Air Quality Management and Urban Mobility.” The report is organized as follows. After an introduction, Chapter two...

West Africa's coastal areas host about one third of the region's population and generate 56 percent of its GDP. They are home for valuable wetlands, fisheries, oil and gas reserves, and high tourism potential. However, these areas are affected by severe pressures: rapid urbanization along the...

Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital is one of the world's fastest growing megacities, but many are breathing polluted air. This report estimates that in 2018, air pollution caused more than 11,200 premature deaths in Lagos. Children under five are the most affected accounting for about sixty...

Nigeria is Africa's richest economy. The country has a large population, abundant natural resources, and diverse cultures. Coastal areas are particularly unique: extending along more than 800 km, they are home to rich ecosystems, thriving industries, and booming opportunities. But these areas...

Building an effective air quality management system (AQMS) requires a process of continual improvement, and the source apportionment techniques described in this report can contribute in a cost effective manner to improving existing systems or even as the first step to begin an AQMS. This is...

The development of modern biofuels for various energy applications is gaining momentum- both in terms of applications and impacts. Given the increasing demand for energy resources in the transport sector, there is a growing interest to introduce biomass energy to support this demand. Transport...