For more than 25 years, the Social Security Trust Fund has been projected to run out of money in 2033 (give or take a few years), potentially causing benefits to be severely reduced in the absence of corrective legislative action. Today (February 2024), projections are made by the Social...

This paper investigates the fiscal pressure from demographic change in relation to the labour marketspace for fifty countries that cover 75% of the world population. The pressure-to-space indicator ranks Poland, Turkey and Greece high. Apart from Turkey and India, developing countries rank low...

This paper investigates how government transfers affect economic growth. Using meta-analysis techniques, we systematically review 24 primary studies with 164 estimates that examine the effect of government transfers on economic growth. After addressing heterogeneity and issues of publication...

This paper investigates the fiscal pressure from demographic change in relation to the labour marketspace for fifty countries that cover 75% of the world population. The pressure-to-space indicator ranks Poland, Turkey and Greece high. Apart from Turkey and India, developing countries rank low...

The generous social health protection systems that Arab governments have built up during the 1960s and 1970s continue to exist but they lack the funds needed to function in the way they did twenty years ago. Even more serious however is the fact that available funds are inefficiently distributed...

Introduction : organizing for security -- Welfare, work, and collective action -- State and militia welfare and their demise -- Hard times and private-sector welfare options -- Kin mutual aid -- Creating kin and new institutions -- Elites, elections, and civil society -- Conclusion : insight...