stops based on the suspiciousness of a person's behavior and the potential liability for conducting a wrongful stop. We … establish that the liability level that results in a voting equilibrium is smaller than optimal, and, consequently, that …

This article surveys the theory of the public enforcement of law--the use of public agents (inspectors, tax auditors …, police prosecutors) to detect and to sanction violators of legal rules. We first present the basic elements of the theory …, focusing on the probability of imposition of sanctions, the magnitude and form of sanctions, and the rule of liability. We then …