The role of copyright law in furthering social justice is blurred. On the one hand, copyright law aims to guarantee a more or less exclusive protection. On the other hand, copyright law also intends to strike a fair balance between the interests of rightholders and the society. Such balancing...

Planet earth is host to a dazzling variety of living organisms. This diversity of life, or – biodiversity, is vital to the survival and prosperity of humanity, supplying such vital amenities as food, clothing, shelter, natural biochemicals useful in medicine, industry, and agriculture, and...

The patent law regimes of the United States and Europe are ambiguous regarding whether or not the subject matter of patents ought to be restricted to that of technology. This ambiguity is exacerbated by the difficulties faced by lawmakers in defining technology; and it confounds contemporary...

The copyright protectability of outputs generated by or with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a hotly debated question in academia and by many institutions. In practice, sophisticated AI algorithms have become a meaningful assistant in the European news industry in the reporting of...

The CJEU published its much-awaited preliminary ruling in Case C-263/18 - Nederlands Uitgeversverbond and Groep Algemene Uitgevers (the Tom Kabinet case) in December 2019. Our paper aims to introduce the Tom Kabinet ruling and discuss its direct and indirect consequences in copyright law. The...

The European Union (EU) legislative activity in the field of copyright has so far been mainly based on what is now Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which allows the EU to harmonise national laws for the establishment and functioning of the internal...

Data protection and potential rights to use data serve different purposes. Rights to use data can create a functioning market for data and so help building an information economy. It is at least worth considering the establishment of a right of the data producer. Preferably a uniform right...

The deployment of smart contracts within the European zone could fluidify economic transactions. It also risks fragmenting the Digital Single Market (“DSM”). This conundrum calls for a constructive response to preserve both the benefits brought by smart contracts and a strong DSM.Against...

The single market is one of the greatest achievements of the European Union. The restrictions on trade and free competition between Member States have been progressively eliminated, which has led to an increase in the standard of living.The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community was...