This paper provides the first empirical study of cigarette demand using detailed individual level data that includes consumers' cigarette brand choice. By estimating and comparing the effects of advertising and price on cigarette demand for different age groups, I find that young adults are less...

The application of cerium-manganese oxides (CeMn) in controlling exhaust gas from biomass combustion is greatly inhibited due to poor resistance to alkali metals. Herein, we report a smart strategy to circumvent the K poisoning problem of CeMn by physically coupling with ZSM-5, which exhibited...

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) could affect the immobilization of heavy metals (HMs) in soil by interacting with HMs or clay minerals. Here, three kinds of DOM derived from fresh chicken manure (FDOM), immature compost (IDOM) and mature compost (MDOM) were used to compare their effects on the...

We present a method for estimating Markov dynamic models with unobserved state variables which can be serially correlated over time. We focus on the case where all the model variables have discrete support. Our estimator is simple to compute because it is noniterative, and involves only...

A dynamic oligopoly model of the cigarette industry is developed to study the effects of anti-smoking policies on the market structure of the U.S. cigarette industry. Firms are modeled as competing in price and advertising in a dynamic game. Two commonly used anti-smoking policies –...

We model the advertising competition between an incumbent and a new entrant in multiple independent markets after the new entrant suffers a demand-reducing shock. The incumbent is privately informed about the effect of the shock, and has incentive to signal the entrant its private information in...