Expulsion and suspension rates among African American students are the highest of all racial groups across elementary … rates among black students. Using administrative data from the universe of K-12 public schools in the state of Wisconsin … of black teachers by even a single percentage point is associated with lower suspension rates among black students at the …

-methods approach to investigate the hypothesis that Black peers improve white teachers' effectiveness when teaching Black students. The … significantly improves the achievement and reduces the suspension rates of white teachers' Black students. These effects are … to successfully teach Black students is not limited to their direct interaction with Black students but is augmented by …

students. Our evidence is based on novel data on blind evaluations and non-blind public school teacher assessments of fourth …-rate but not more likely to under-rate black students' math and reading skills relative to their white classmates. Teachers …' perceptions are sensitive to the lowest-performing black students in early classrooms, but non-responsive to highest …