This article researches fluctuation of exchange rate has impacts on China import unit price of soybeans trading to USA, Argentina, and Brazil. Based on yearly and monthly bilateral soybeans trade data from 1999 to 2010, empirical results show that exchange rate is statistically significant to...

Superior to the variance, "swap variance (SwV)" summarizes the entire probability distribution of returns and is unbiased to distributional asymmetry. Retaining the same simplicity as mean-variance (MV) model, the efficiency of mean-swap variance (MSwV) is necessary and sufficient conditions for...

We extend the ex-ante mean-variance (SVIX) models of Martin (2017) and Martin-Wagner (2019) to a mean-variance-asymmetry (AVIX) framework for incorporating higher-moment and co-moment risk in asset pricing. AVIX is a risk-neutral measure of the left-tail asymmetries in return that corrects the...

Objective: To assess the characteristics and incidence of medical litigation in China and the potential usefulness of the records of such litigation as an indicator of healthcare quality. Methods: We investigated 13,620 cases of medical malpractice litigation that ended between 2010 and 2015 and...