Enforcing corporate liability, governments seek to deter crime, promote corporate compliance, and secure fair competition in markets, while in practice, they face difficult trade-offs between these aims. This paper analyzes optimal enforcement for three different forms of corporate misconduct by...

The law enforcement shortcomings in corruption cases are substantial and call for a greater scope of enforcement tools and efficient procedures. Main concerns in reform should include basic criminal law principles, consequences for markets, access to the information necessary for reactions, and...

As a consequence of being found guilty in corruption, fraud and some other offences, firms and individuals can be debarred from participating in future public tenders. Such consequences will not only reduce governments' risk of entering into contracts with corrupt or in other ways dishonest...

This report provides an overview of arguments explaining the risk of corruption. Corrupt acts are subject to decision making authority and assets available for grabbing. These assets can be stolen, created by artificial shortage, or become available as the result of a market failure. Assets that...