The article considers the reforms in Russian education throughout a large historical period comprising the 19th and the 20th centuries. The socio-political, cultural and moral basis for the reforms are established. A holistic approach to considering the reforms in Russian education uncovers a...

Selected Psychological Works. Moscow. 1989.

In public opinion, educational innovations are still only restricted to introduction of novel technological and methodological devices in teaching. The author argues that the path to essential change in education must go through a change of the communication paradigm: from a monologue to a...

This paper evaluates the impact on earnings, pensions, and other labor market outcomes of two parallel educational reforms increasing instructional time in Swedish primary school. The reforms extended the compulsory years of schooling from 6 to 7 years and the annual term length from 34.5/36.5...

The decision to take more education is complex, and is influenced by individual ability, financial constraints, family background, preferences, etc. Such factors, normally unobserved by the researcher, introduce endogeneity and heterogeneity problems into estimating the returns to education. In...

School quality is hard to define and measure. It is influenced by not only school expenditures, but also characteristics that are hard to measure like norms and peer effects among teachers and pupils. Furthermore, family background and community characteristics are important in explaining...

Using panel data for non-OECD countries covering the period 1970-2012, this paper analyzes the impact of the duration of primary education on school enrollment, drop-outs and completion rates. The empirical results show that for children in elementary school one additional grade of primary...

The World Bank's 2009 publication Accelerating Catch-up: Tertiary Education for Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa outlines tertiary education reforms designed to promote knowledge economies. In this document, the World Bank recognises that reforming the tertiary education sector in sub-Saharan Africa...

We use OECD-PIAAC data to estimate the earnings effects of both years of education and of numerical skills. Our identification strategy exploits differential exposure to educational reforms across birth cohorts and countries. We find that education has the strongest earnings effect. A one...

The Italian economy performs well below the EU average. The reason is a dramatic and persistent low rate of investment, always invoked but never supported by national and supra-national institutions. However, investment to increase the quantity and quality of human capital is key to boost...