participation and urban areas with larger numbers of alternative school districts appear to evoke a larger enrollment response. This … desegregation program and racial composition effects on academic, social, and labor market outcomes. The evidence on school …

reforms increasing instructional time in Swedish primary school. The reforms extended the compulsory years of schooling from 6 … in more than 2,500 school districts, the extensions generated large exogenous variation in educational attainment at … different points in primary school while the overall school system and curricula remained unchanged. The reforms thus constitute …

secondary school on subsequent first year outcomes at university. The duration of Iceland´s upper-secondary education was …