In urban China, gender gaps in employment and earnings have steadily increased since the 1990s. Such gender gaps are … demonstrates, despite the rise in gender differences in the urban labor market, the average gender pension gap decreased between … 1988 and 2018. In the paper, we describe the evolution of the fragmented pension system in urban China using a quantitative …

In many European countries, there is a substantial gender pension gap. Yet, these gaps vary strongly across countries …. This cross-national study examines to what extent institutional and labor market-specific factors correlate with gender … pension gaps. The findings show that the gender pension gap tends to be larger in countries with larger gender …

I conduct an online survey of 3,000 respondents in the United States to examine individuals' beliefs about the gender … gender pension gap, I examine whether receiving this information causally affects respondents' perceptions of the fairness … and drivers of the gender pension gap and their support for policies aimed at reducing it. I find that most respondents …

European countries, women receive substantially lower pensions than men; gender pension gaps among pensioners can be up to 69 … percent. When taking elderly people without a pension into account, the gender pension gap increases substantially in many …

This study quantifies gender-specific differences in retirement income in Germany, Denmark, and France. We show that … the "gender pension gap" in Germany is higher than in France and much higher than in Denmark. This ranking is similar to … the ranking in the gender pay gap, where Germany has also the highest gender difference. The authors also investigate …

large gender gap in the labour market participation and employment pathways. Lower employment rates and gender pay gaps, as … gender gaps in employment and pay, particularly for those at risk of interrupted careers, is key to ensure decent old …

clearly indicate gender discrepancies: households represent a noticeable insurance function. Especially women are better off …