The volatility of an asset price measures how uncertain we are about future asset price movements. It is one of the factors affecting option price and the only input into the Black–Scholes model that cannot be directly observed. Thus, estimating volatility properly is vital. Two approaches to...

The paper focuses on investigating the correlation and volatility of fuel markets in four countries of the Visegrad region, namely Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. The primary objective of the paper is to explore regional fuel markets and retail prices in these countries by...

This paper explores the impact of volatility estimation methods on theoretical option values based upon the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model. Volatility is the only input used in the BSM model that cannot be observed in the market or a priori determined in a contract. Thus, properly calculating...

This paper explores the impact of volatility estimation methods on theoretical option values based upon the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model. Volatility is the only input used in the BSM model that cannot be observed in the market or a priori determined in a contract. Thus, properly calculating...

This paper investigates the dynamic correlation and volatility of fuel markets in the Visegrad countries: Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. The paper examines regional fuel markets and retail prices. The research explores the interrelationships of Visegrad fuel markets using VAR...

The aim of the paper was to assess the possibilities of obtaining advantages of the diversification effect brought by purchase of commodities in the Polish market. Investment portfolios consisting of different assets are analyzed, including both indirect and direct ways of investing in...