Purpose – Despite the growing interest in reverse exchange, studies on the subject from the perspective of consumer participation and motivation remain sparse. Consumers’ participation in reverse exchange is a key component of supply-chain reverse logistics. To address the gap in existing...

We examine whether allowing publicly listed firms to adopt equity-based compensation increases shareholder value for firms domiciled in weak institutional environments. We test our idea using a series of regulations in China that allowed publicly listed Chinese firms to adopt equity-based...

The urbanization and megalopolis have deteriorated traffic concerns, energy crisis and carbon pollution. In this study, a flexible-possibilist chanced constraints programming (FCCP) model is developed to plan the energy-transportation systems at a metropolitan scale (METS), which have multiple...

Tree-like branching networks are very common flow or transportation systems from natural evolution. In this study, the optimal structures of tree-like branching networks for minimum flow resistance are analyzed for both laminar and turbulent flow in both smooth and rough pipes. It is found that...