pertinencia de la diferenciación conceptual "formal Informal" y, por consiguiente, sobre la conveniencia de explicar la …

relevant for their use of both formal and informal financial instruments. In line with the network and financial development … literature, our results also predict that the use of and access to formal financial instruments could be related to the open and …

interview market participants and triangulate the perspectives of borrowers with those of formal and informal lenders …. Importantly, our research includes current and past borrowing from formal and informal sources, prompting participants to draw … unintended consequence of formal microfinance: The availability of formal low-interest microfinance creates informal …

security of tenure as formal jobs. We examine the likelihood of individuals moving up from informal jobs to formal jobs (and … employed and lower-tier informal wage employed. As expected, our results suggest substantial income gains for workers … 'lower-tier' informal jobs, and somewhat better paid 'uppertier' informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and …

' transitions within the informal sector and between informal and formal employment. A binary logit model is applied to General … wage employed informal workers are likely to transit to formal employment, the likelihood being higher for the upper …-tier informal wage employed. While informally employed workers have a very high chance of transiting to formal employment, formal …

formal and informal sectors in order to enhance their performance and growth. Unfortunately, there is no agreed method by … identify the different contextual dimensions influencing formal and informal enterprise creation processes in SSA. …

Unpaid carers may have an influence on the formal care utilisation of the cared for. Whether this influence is positive … or negative will have important implications for the costs of formal care provision. The relationship between unpaid and … formal care is of particular importance in Scotland, where personal care is provided for free by Local Authorities, to …