Comparabilité entre domaines scientifiques. La pondération « côté citant » des réseaux de citation

The volume of scientific literature increases by a few million articles each year. The ?publish or perish? requirement or its ?publish, be cited or perish?, variant accelerates the growth of this collective memory, available in condensed or complete form in specialized databases and web engines. The explicit or implicit networks revealed by articles? data are exploited by social sciences ? scientometrics, economics and sociology ? and also instrumented in research evaluation. Scientometric indicators result from elaborations on these data, with various operations : counting options ; normalisation per/by field or type of research ; type of indicator ; economic valuing ; composite indicators schemes... Here we focus on a particular weighting of the citation network. Midway between the classical normalization techniques, and the recursive influence measures of Pagerank type, it introduces a new family of normalization and a general tool to measure citation exchanges, a proxy of knowledge flows. Classification JEL : O30, C18<np pagenum="290"/>