Purpose To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing mobile apps (CTMAs) have been developed to trace contact among infected individuals and alert people at risk of infection. To disrupt virus transmission until the majority of the population has been vaccinated, achieving the herd...

During the past several decades, many countries have achieved significant progress on environmental issues such as water pollution through the increased stringency of their water policies. While a few studies have examined the stringency of overall environmental policy and its impacts on...