are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

influence of parents wanes. Nevertheless, parents may continue to exert leverage by shaping their children's peer groups. We … parental inputs and peers, and where parents can affect the peer group by restricting who their children can interact with. We …As children reach adolescence, peer interactions become increasingly central to their development, whereas the direct …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

from a bilingual city in Northern Italy. We find that German-speaking primary school children are about 46% more likely … than Italian-speaking children to delay gratification in an intertemporal choice experiment. The difference remains …