parents’ siblings and cousins, their spouses, and the spouses’ siblings. Using various human capital measures, we show that … extended family relative to the parents increases …

-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …