We study the impact of managers on the success of professional soccer teams using data from the German "Bundesliga". We … evaluate the performance impact of individual managers by estimating regression models that include both team and manager fixed … effects, where we are exploiting the high turnover of managers between teams to disentangle the managers' contributions. We …

ability and innovative output is weaker for older CEOs and managers who stay in the same job for longer, suggesting a … managers more positively, suggesting that equity holders deem better skilled managers more effective at converting innovative …