Vietnam's evolving reform process is gaining momentum. Vietnam's Communist Party, however, continues to maintain strong control over economic affairs. Foreign companies with commercial expectations typically are forced into partnership with State instruments responsible for implementation of...

Brand experience is conceptualized as sensations, feelings, cognitions, and behavioral responses evoked by brand-related stimuli that are part of a brand's design and identity, packaging, communications, and environments. The authors distinguish several experience dimensions and construct a...

We present a broad-based, consumer-centric view of innovation – referred to as “perceived firm innovativeness” (PFI). PFI is conceptualized as the consumer’s perception of an enduring firm capability that results in novel, creative, and impactful ideas and solutions. We develop and...

Global segments (e.g., business executives, MTV-nurtured teenagers) evolve from worldwide-shared activities that over time shape customer expectations. We argue that homogenization of expectations in global segments is not perfect. We identify forces that drive customer expectations towards...

Should advertising be approached differently in emerging than in developed markets? Using data from 256 TV commercial tests conducted by a multinational FMCG company in 23 countries, we consider two routes of persuasion: a functional route, which emphasizes the features and benefits of a...

In this article, we argue that non-fungible tokens (NFTs) challenge established marketing understanding of digital ownership, uniqueness, and value; authenticity, status, and sharing; and branding and distribution. We propose a set of preliminary research questions rooted in these areas, in hopes...