We examine the behaviour of pedestrians wishing to cross a stream of traffic at signalized intersections. We model each pedestrian as making a discrete crossing choice by comparing the gaps between vehicles in traffic to an individual-specific 'critical gap' that characterizes the individual's...

This paper presents an empirical model of oligopolistic supply and demand that reflects divisions between downstream retailers and upstream suppliers in order to evaluate the potential effects of upstream mergers. The demand model allows for downstream product differentiation, while the supply...