Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to delve into perceived underqualification, which refers to employees’ awareness that they have deficient abilities relative to their job demands (abilities<demands). In examining person–job (P–J) misfit, previous research has primarily focused on one type of misfit, overqualification (abilities>demands), leaving the other type, underqualification, unexplored. To address the neglect, this...</demands).>

This study seeks effective ways for managing employees with a high Machiavellian personality in organizations by identifying how to enhance their pro-organizational attitudes (organizational commitment) and behaviors [organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)] through transformational leadership...