Children starting school at older ages consistently exhibit better educational outcomes. In this paper, we underscore … relatively younger children to special needs services. The effect is persistent throughout compulsory schooling, resulting in …

learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have … decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students …

investigate the mechanisms behind this relationship using data on German pre-teen students. We show that (i) taller children are … better recommendations to taller students. This holds even when controlling for academic achievement and parental background … respect to education policy, our findings suggest that early school tracking might increase disadvantages for students with …