rather than by differences in how the parents respond to the shocks …

This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …

for grade 9 students. These students were particularly vulnerable to dropping out of school prematurely due to the crisis …. We find that most students kept studying during the crisis, returned to school to participate in the lower …-secondary graduation exam after schools reopened, and transitioned to high school thereafter. However, we also find that students’ exposure …

’ choices of school sector. We document four central facts. First, public school enrollment declined noticeably in fall 2020 … driven by homeschooling rates jumping substantially, driven largely by families with children in elementary school. Third …

schools because their parents differ in socio-economic status. Based on a novel dataset for Germany, we demonstrate that …, even after conditioning on prior measures of school performance. We then provide causal evidence that a low … mentoring relationship affects both parents and children and has positive long-term implications for children's educational …

-market participation and earnings. The reform did not affect ethical and political values or non-religious school outcomes …

strategies. To explain the data, we introduce expectation-based loss aversion into a school-choice setting and characterize …

) of Norwegian schools, where between-school differences are smaller than in the US. I find that VA indicators are able to … predict in-school performance without bias. Furthermore, VA is strongly related to long-term outcomes, and differences between … differences in school quality, rather than unobserved student characteristics. Analyses of teacher grades and exam scores suggest …

parents’ siblings and cousins, their spouses, and the spouses’ siblings. Using various human capital measures, we show that … extended family relative to the parents increases …