This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …

for grade 9 students. These students were particularly vulnerable to dropping out of school prematurely due to the crisis …. We find that most students kept studying during the crisis, returned to school to participate in the lower …-secondary graduation exam after schools reopened, and transitioned to high school thereafter. However, we also find that students’ exposure …

’ choices of school sector. We document four central facts. First, public school enrollment declined noticeably in fall 2020 … driven by homeschooling rates jumping substantially, driven largely by families with children in elementary school. Third …

, even after conditioning on prior measures of school performance. We then provide causal evidence that a low …

-market participation and earnings. The reform did not affect ethical and political values or non-religious school outcomes …

strategies. To explain the data, we introduce expectation-based loss aversion into a school-choice setting and characterize …

We investigate the short- and long-term effects of economic conditions at high-school graduation as a source of … across birth cohorts for 28 developed countries, we find that bad economic conditions at high-school graduation increase …-market success. Outcomes are affected only by the economic conditions at high-school graduation, but not by those during earlier or …

comparable industries. While one would expect younger forestry workers to return to school in such circumstances, we find that in … the first two years following the crisis, unemployed workers did not go back to school. But going back to school takes … enroll. In time of crisis, facilitating a return to education might be a valuable policy intervention …