accounting for assortment adjustments of national brands (NBs) in retail stores. Using a detailed dataset on the U.S. beef market … variety. PL introduction and PL-driven assortment changes of NBs impose a small effect on NB prices. In contrast, PLs strongly … cannibalize NB demand, and the assortment changes help steer consumers toward PLs, which imposes large negative effects on NB …

market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail … market concentration. Due to this concentration retail prices may be higher and welfare may be lower in free trade than in … autarky, thus reversing the standard effects of trade liberalization. Second, the pro-competitive effects of trade …