achievement. Data from the American Mathematics Competitions is used to produce counts of high-scoring students from more than two … Mathematics Competition ; mathematics education …

years. The intervention includes students aged 7-9 and consists of pulling students from their regular mathematics classes … into small, homogenous groups for mathematics instruction for 3 to 4 hours per week, for two periods of 4-6 weeks per … their performance in mathematics by .16 standard deviations at the end of the school year and by .06 standard deviations in …

Most patent pools are formed in the shadow of patent litigation as an attempt to settle disputes in regard to … incentives to form a patent pool or engage in cross-licensing arrangements in the presence of uncertainty as to the validity and … incentives. Antitrust implications of patent pools are considered. The effects of patent pools on third party incentives to …

. Consistent with a large literature, we use patent counts as a measure of innovation. The combination of the US market's economic …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that inventions of higher quality are …-ups ; patent ; ownership ; quality …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …